—Categories: Linux, Raspberry PI

Starting mysqld and httpd on demand with xinetd

My father gave me an awesome present besides life 🙂
He gave me a Raspberry Pi B model, its basically a low power consumption, low spec computer board, at a very low price intended for tinkerers, and electronic education.

I am using it to host my own PBX which is based of this project: Asterisk for raspberry
I am also using it for other purposes such as monitoring my home network as an active IDS, a dns server, a proxy, a vpn server, basically I want to use it for all the things you always wanted to have on a always-on server inside your house.

The problem I encountered was that the Pi model B comes with only 512 mb of RAM, and the Freepbx software uses Apache PHP5 and Mysql which consumes a good amount of RAM.
First step was easy, I just installed lighttpd and stopped apache. Second step I started looking into changing Freepbx to a SQLite engine, to get rid of MySQL, but Freepbx support for it was not 100%.

So after looking for a while I found a very nice solution for all my troubles, using xinetd and netcat (awesome tools) I start services on demand, when a connection comes in I start the required service and leave a background process to check on if the service is still required, if the port sees no further activity the service gets shutdown. So I can now have all the services that I want on the resource limited device.

I struggled to find how to do this. So I am sharing how I did it. I am also basing myself of this great post which does something similar but with another purpose in mind. Automatic Tunnels with xinetd and netcat.

Tools required:

This is my startup script I created here /etc/xinetd.init.d/lighttpd

lighttpd
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#!/bin/bash
# inspired on this article
# https://www.linuxnet.ch/automatic-tunnels-with-xinetd-and-netcat/
# script is called from xinetd
# script starts and stops service using /etc/init.d scripts
 
SERVICE=/etc/init.d/lighttpd  # script used to start/stop service
PORT=81 # port where end service should listen
PID_FILE=/var/run/lighttpd.pid # pid file generated by init script
REAPER_PID_FILE="/var/run/lighttpd_reaper.pid" # pid file generated by this script
REAPER_SLEEP=180 # The reaper sleeps in seconds and checks for idle conns
LOG=/var/log/syslog # where to log messages
 
# this function checks if we already have reaper
check_reaper(){
        if  [ -s $REAPER_PID_FILE ]
        then
                reaper_pid=`cat $REAPER_PID_FILE 2>/dev/null`
                ps -p $reaper_pid &> /dev/null
                if [ $? -ne 0 ]
                then
                        start_reaper &    # If we dont have a reaper we start one
                        echo $! > $REAPER_PID_FILE
                fi
        else
                start_reaper &
                echo $! > $REAPER_PID_FILE
        fi
 
}
 
# this function starts a reaper, which is a background process that will kill the end service if its inactive
start_reaper(){
        while [ -f $PID_FILE ]
        do
                sleep $REAPER_SLEEP                                      # We wait
                touched=`stat --printf %W $REAPER_PID_FILE 2>/dev/null`  # We check when the reaper PID was last touched
                now=`date +%s 2>/dev/null`
                let idle=$now-$touched
                if [ $idle -gt $REAPER_SLEEP ]              # If reaper pid has not been touched in more than a sleep cycle we stop the service
                then
                        echo `date`" REAPER STOPPING SERVICE AFTER BEING $idle" >> $LOG   
                        $SERVICE stop >> $LOG               # This is the stop service instruction
                        rm $REAPER_PID_FILE 
                        exit 0
                fi
        done
}
 
# This is where we start our service
start_service(){
        sleep 1                    # Added a delay to trouble shoot as browsers kickstart several connections, we need to allow the PID file to be created this can be improved.
        if [ -s $PID_FILE ]        # We check if the PID file for the end service exist to avoid calling the start script when the service has already been started
        then
                return
        else
                echo `date`" STARTING $SERVICE" >> $LOG
                $SERVICE start &>> $LOG                  #this is the start service instruction
                return
        fi
}
 
# We probe and wait for the service to come on line
wait_for_service(){
        nc -w30 -z 127.0.0.1 $PORT &>/dev/null          # probe end port with a timeout of 30 seconds
        if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]
        then
                echo `date`" XINET SERVICE START ON $PORT TIMED OUT" >> $LOG
        fi
}
 
# This is were all the magic happens netcat passes traffic back and forth
transmit(){
        nc -w30 127.0.0.1 $PORT 2>/dev/null  # netcat is awesome, timeout flag of 30 seconds can be adjusted
}
 
# this is the main program that is called every time
main()
{
        nc -z 127.0.0.1 $PORT &>/dev/null  # We probe the end service
        if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]                  # If its not responding
        then
                start_service              # We start service
                wait_for_service           # We wait for service to became online
        fi
        check_reaper                       # We always check we have a reaper
        touch $REAPER_PID_FILE             # We log activity by touching the reaper PID file
        transmit                           # We transmit data 
        exit 0                             
}
 
main

This is the configuration for xinet.d

xinet.d
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service http
{
        disable         = no
        socket_type     = stream
        protocol        = tcp
        port              = 80
        server = /etc/xinetd.init.d/lighttpd
        user            = root
        wait            = no
}

For mysqld I did something similar but I had to add a wait time as mysql takes longer to boot
mysql startup script I placed it in /etc/xinetd.init.d/mysqld
Another thing I encountered was that mysql clients tend to default to use the socket file, so I had to reconfigure so it would listen on the eth0 address, as a precaution I added a rule to only allow the same IP to access it, I can probably improve this too but I got it working like this.

mysql
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#!/bin/bash
# inspired on this article
# https://www.linuxnet.ch/automatic-tunnels-with-xinetd-and-netcat/
 
SERVICE=/etc/init.d/mysql
PORT=3307
PID_FILE=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
REAPER_PID_FILE=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld_reaper.pid
REAPER_SLEEP=300
LOG=/var/log/syslog
IP='192.168.1.50'
 
check_reaper(){
        if  [ -s $REAPER_PID_FILE ]
        then
                reaper_pid=`cat $REAPER_PID_FILE 2>/dev/null`
                ps -p $reaper_pid &> /dev/null
                if [ $? -ne 0 ]
                then
                        start_reaper &
                        echo $! > $REAPER_PID_FILE
                fi
        else
                start_reaper &
                echo $! > $REAPER_PID_FILE
        fi
 
}
 
start_reaper(){
        while [ -f $PID_FILE ]
        do
                sleep $REAPER_SLEEP
                touched=`stat --printf %W $REAPER_PID_FILE 2>/dev/null`
                now=`date +%s 2>/dev/null`
                let idle=$now-$touched
                if [ $idle -gt $REAPER_SLEEP ]
                then
                        echo `date`" REAPER STOPPING SERVICE AFTER BEING $idle" >> $LOG
                        $SERVICE stop >> $LOG
                        rm $REAPER_PID_FILE
                        exit 0
                fi
        done
}
 
start_service(){
        if [ -s $PID_FILE ]
        then
                return
        else
                echo `date`" STARTING $SERVICE" >> $LOG
                $SERVICE start &>> $LOG
                return
        fi
}
 
wait_for_service(){
        sleep 10
        nc -w30 -z $IP $PORT &>/dev/null
        if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]
        then
                echo `date`" XINET SERVICE START ON $PORT TIMED OUT" >> $LOG
        fi
}
 
transmit(){
        nc -w30 $IP $PORT 2>/dev/null  # netcat is awesome
 
}
 
main()
{
        nc -z $IP $PORT &>/dev/null
        if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]
        then
                start_service &
                wait_for_service
        fi
        check_reaper &>/dev/null
        touch $REAPER_PID_FILE &>/dev/null
        transmit
        exit 0
}
 
main

And its xinet config file looks like this:
/etc/xinetd.d/mysqld

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service mysql
{
        disable         = no
        type            = UNLISTED
        socket_type     = stream
        port              = 3306
        server = /etc/xinetd.init.d/mysqld
        user            = root
        wait            = no
        bind            = 192.168.1.50
        only_from       = 192.168.1.50
}

 

 

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